Mbiri ya chitukuko cha manipulator

Chida chowongolera ndi chipangizo chodzigwiritsira ntchito chokha chomwe chimatha kutsanzira ntchito zina za dzanja ndi mkono kuti zigwire, kunyamula zinthu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida motsatira njira zokhazikika. Chida chowongolera ndi loboti yoyambirira kwambiri yamafakitale, komanso loboti yamakono yoyambirira, imatha kulowa m'malo mwa ntchito yolemetsa ya anthu kuti ikwaniritse makina ndi kupanga zokha, imatha kugwira ntchito m'malo oopsa kuti iteteze chitetezo cha munthu, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makina, zitsulo, zamagetsi, makampani opepuka ndi mphamvu ya atomiki ndi madipatimenti ena.

Imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maloboti akale omwe adawonekera m'masiku oyambirira, kafukufuku wa maloboti adayamba pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa makompyuta ndi makina odzipangira okha, makamaka kuyambira pomwe kompyuta yoyamba yamagetsi idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1946, makompyuta apita patsogolo kwambiri kupita ku liwiro lalikulu, mphamvu yayikulu komanso mtengo wotsika. Nthawi yomweyo, kufunikira kwakukulu kopanga zinthu zambiri kwalimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wodzipangira okha, zomwe zakhazikitsa maziko a chitukuko cha maloboti.

Kumbali ina, kafukufuku wa ukadaulo wa mphamvu za nyukiliya amafuna makina ena ogwiritsira ntchito kuti agwire zinthu zowononga mphamvu m'malo mwa anthu. Pachifukwa ichi, United States idapanga chida chowongolera chakutali mu 1947, ndi chida chowongolera chaukadaulo chaukadaulo mu 1948. Chida chowongolera chidachi chidapangidwa koyamba ku United States. Mu 1954, United States Devor idapereka lingaliro loyamba la maloboti amafakitale ndipo idapempha chilolezo. Cholinga chachikulu cha chilolezochi ndikuwongolera cholumikizira cha lobotiyo mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa servo, kugwiritsa ntchito dzanja la munthu kuphunzitsa lobotiyo, ndipo lobotiyo imatha kupeza mbiri ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa zomwe zachitika.

Izi zimatchedwa loboti yophunzitsa ndi kuyimira. Ma robot ambiri omwe alipo amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera iyi. Mu 1958, United States Control Company idapanga loboti yoyamba yolumikizira ma robot. Mitundu yoyamba yothandiza ngati zinthu za robot ndi "VERSTRAN" yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi AMF ndi "UNIMATE" yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi UNIMATION mu 1962. Ma robot a mafakitale awa amapangidwa makamaka ndi manja ndi manja ofanana ndi a anthu, omwe amatha kulowa m'malo mwa ntchito yolemetsa ya anthu kuti akwaniritse makina ndi makina opangira, ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito m'malo oopsa kuti ateteze chitetezo cha munthu, kotero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makina, zitsulo, zamagetsi, mafakitale opepuka ndi mphamvu ya atomiki ndi madipatimenti ena.